Prompting Basics

    ~7 min · ChatGPT, Google Gemini

    What is a prompt?

    A prompt is a text instruction you give to an AI tool. Think of it like a recipe — the more precise the recipe, the better the dish. Vague requests like 'make something good' lead to unpredictable results, while specific instructions give AI a clear direction.

    Prompting is the key skill for working with AI. It doesn't matter how powerful the model is — if you don't give it a quality input, you won't get a quality output.

    Anatomy of a good prompt

    A good prompt has 4 components. You don't always need all of them, but the more you include, the better the result:

    🎭 Role

    Who should AI be? E.g., 'You are an experienced marketing consultant.'

    📝 Task

    What exactly should it do? E.g., 'Write 3 email subject line variants.'

    📋 Context

    What are the circumstances? E.g., 'For a clothing e-shop, targeting women ages 25–40.'

    📐 Format

    How should the output look? E.g., 'Bullet list, max 100 words.'

    Common mistakes (before → after)

    ❌ Bad

    Write me a text."

    ✅ Better

    Write a blog post about the benefits of AI for small businesses. Target audience: entrepreneurs without a technical background. Length: 500 words."

    ❌ Bad

    Translate this to Czech."

    ✅ Better

    Translate the following English text to Czech. Keep the informal tone and marketing style. Text: ..."

    ❌ Bad

    Give me ideas."

    ✅ Better

    You are a creative director at an ad agency. Suggest 5 original ideas for an Instagram campaign for a coffee shop in downtown Prague. Target: ages 25–35."

    Try it yourself

    Open ChatGPT and try this prompt: "You are an experienced copywriter. Write 3 email subject line variants for an eco-friendly cosmetics e-shop. Goal: increase open rate. Style: friendly, not formal."

    Open ChatGPT

    Key terms

    Zero-shot

    A prompt without examples — AI relies solely on its trained knowledge.

    Few-shot

    A prompt with 1–3 examples of desired output, guiding AI toward the correct format.

    System prompt

    A hidden instruction at the start of a conversation that sets AI behavior (role, tone, constraints).

    Iteration

    Gradually improving the response with follow-up prompts — the key to great results.

    Summary

    • A prompt is an instruction for AI — the more precise the input, the better the output.
    • A good prompt includes a role, task, context, and output format.
    • Don't be afraid to iterate — the first prompt isn't the end, you can keep refining the response.